read about projects using the Frq
Canada. Subjective Restrictiveness in a Canadian Forensic Context
The objective of this study is twofold: (1) to determine if the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ) is appropriate and has reasonable psychometric properties in a Canadian context; and, (2) determine how forensic patients’ sense of restrictiveness is related to their recovery. Research on restrictiveness in forensic psychiatric care is very new and has yet to be applied in the Canadian forensic context; therefore, this study will validate the FRQ in a Canadian sample of forensic patients. Furthermore, we plan to determine the relationship between subjective restrictiveness and recovery.
Recovery for forensic patients has been identified as a more complex process. Forensic inpatients have identified factors impending their recovery such as the physical environment and atmosphere, the stigma of being both mentally ill and a criminal, as well as negative relationships and interactions (Mezey et. al, 2010). Other researchers have tried to identify what forensic patients see as necessary aspects of their recovery and found that connectedness, sense of self, freedom, hope, coming to terms with the past, health, and intervention were all important (Clarke, Lumbard, Sambrook & Kerr, 2016). Given this, facets of restrictiveness such as security, stigma, and lack of autonomy are barriers to recovery in this population thereby leading us to hypothesize a link between these concepts.
The study is being conducted within Forensic Services, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Ontario, Canada (provincial psychiatric hospital).
Dr. Krystle Martin, C.Psych, Dr. Jack Tomlin, Ms. Erin Campbell, BSc., Ms. Carisa Collins, MA, Dr. Simone Arbour
Click on the names of the researchers for more information.
Poland. 'The effect of patients’ individual characteristics on perceiving restrictiveness in Forensic Psychiatric Care – Polish adaptation of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ)'
The objective of this project is to investigate what individual traits of patients placed in Forensic Psychiatric Care affect their experience of restrictiveness on these wards. Never before have the perspectives of these patients been taken into consideration in studies regarding the quality of mental health care in Poland. For the assessment of individual characteristics the Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R), the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy Questionnaire (IVE) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL) will be used. Data from patient’s medical history will also be considered such as usage of direct coercion, length of psychiatric detention and frequency of breaking ward’s regulations. To measure patients’ experience of restrictiveness the Polish adaptation of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ) will be used. This study will include around 100 patients from wards of all available security levels (from minimum to maximum) in Poland.
Dr. Aleksandra Plewka, Dr. Justyna Kotowska & Dr. Paweł Gosek
Click here for more information on the Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii.
United Kingdom. 'Measuring Experiences of Restrictiveness in Forensic Psychiatric Care: Developing a Questionnaire'
The objective of this project was to generate a questionnaire to measure subjective experiences of restrictiveness in secure forensic psychiatric care. It adopted a mixed methods methodology. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 residents in low, medium and high secure hospitals in England. These explored patients’ experiences of restrictiveness and were analysed thematically. The findings informed the conceptualization of the FRQ items. A pool of 65 items was sent to a panel of five experts in the field of forensic psychiatry for an assessment of face validity.
A revised 58-item FRQ was piloted with N=241 patients. The dimensionality of the FRQ was tested using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Internal consistency was investigated. Ward climate and quality of life questionnaires were completed by participants as indicators of convergent 15 validity. Data were collected on participants’ demographic, clinical and legal profiles to analyse variances in FRQ scores.
Dr. Jack Tomlin, Dr. Vincent Egan, Prof. Peter Bartlett & Prof. Birgit Völlm
The objective of this study is twofold: (1) to determine if the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ) is appropriate and has reasonable psychometric properties in a Canadian context; and, (2) determine how forensic patients’ sense of restrictiveness is related to their recovery. Research on restrictiveness in forensic psychiatric care is very new and has yet to be applied in the Canadian forensic context; therefore, this study will validate the FRQ in a Canadian sample of forensic patients. Furthermore, we plan to determine the relationship between subjective restrictiveness and recovery.
Recovery for forensic patients has been identified as a more complex process. Forensic inpatients have identified factors impending their recovery such as the physical environment and atmosphere, the stigma of being both mentally ill and a criminal, as well as negative relationships and interactions (Mezey et. al, 2010). Other researchers have tried to identify what forensic patients see as necessary aspects of their recovery and found that connectedness, sense of self, freedom, hope, coming to terms with the past, health, and intervention were all important (Clarke, Lumbard, Sambrook & Kerr, 2016). Given this, facets of restrictiveness such as security, stigma, and lack of autonomy are barriers to recovery in this population thereby leading us to hypothesize a link between these concepts.
The study is being conducted within Forensic Services, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Ontario, Canada (provincial psychiatric hospital).
Dr. Krystle Martin, C.Psych, Dr. Jack Tomlin, Ms. Erin Campbell, BSc., Ms. Carisa Collins, MA, Dr. Simone Arbour
Click on the names of the researchers for more information.
Poland. 'The effect of patients’ individual characteristics on perceiving restrictiveness in Forensic Psychiatric Care – Polish adaptation of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ)'
The objective of this project is to investigate what individual traits of patients placed in Forensic Psychiatric Care affect their experience of restrictiveness on these wards. Never before have the perspectives of these patients been taken into consideration in studies regarding the quality of mental health care in Poland. For the assessment of individual characteristics the Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R), the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy Questionnaire (IVE) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL) will be used. Data from patient’s medical history will also be considered such as usage of direct coercion, length of psychiatric detention and frequency of breaking ward’s regulations. To measure patients’ experience of restrictiveness the Polish adaptation of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ) will be used. This study will include around 100 patients from wards of all available security levels (from minimum to maximum) in Poland.
Dr. Aleksandra Plewka, Dr. Justyna Kotowska & Dr. Paweł Gosek
Click here for more information on the Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii.
United Kingdom. 'Measuring Experiences of Restrictiveness in Forensic Psychiatric Care: Developing a Questionnaire'
The objective of this project was to generate a questionnaire to measure subjective experiences of restrictiveness in secure forensic psychiatric care. It adopted a mixed methods methodology. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 residents in low, medium and high secure hospitals in England. These explored patients’ experiences of restrictiveness and were analysed thematically. The findings informed the conceptualization of the FRQ items. A pool of 65 items was sent to a panel of five experts in the field of forensic psychiatry for an assessment of face validity.
A revised 58-item FRQ was piloted with N=241 patients. The dimensionality of the FRQ was tested using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Internal consistency was investigated. Ward climate and quality of life questionnaires were completed by participants as indicators of convergent 15 validity. Data were collected on participants’ demographic, clinical and legal profiles to analyse variances in FRQ scores.
Dr. Jack Tomlin, Dr. Vincent Egan, Prof. Peter Bartlett & Prof. Birgit Völlm